As I mentioned before, NAD depletion has been associated with the hallmarks of aging, such as decreased autophagy, increased DNA damage, increased mitochondrial dysfunction, and dysregulated metabolism. Depletion of NAD may predispose organisms to the development of a variety of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease, and muscle atrophy.